Commentary: Revisiting nanoparticle-assay interference: There's plenty of room at the bottom for misinterpretation

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a diverse class of materials whose distinct properties make them desirable in multitude applications. The proliferation nanotoxicology research has improved our understanding ENM toxicity, but an under appreciation for their potential to interfere with biochemical assays hampered progress the field. physicochemical ENMs can promote interaction membranes or biomacromolecules (e.g. proteins, genomic material). This influence activity enzymes used as biomarkers reagents assay protocols, bind indicator dyes cytotoxicity tests, and/or cellular mechanisms controlling uptake such dyes. spectral characteristics some cause interference common chromophores, fluorophores, and radioisotope scintillation cocktails. Finally, inherent chemical reactivity short circuit by directly oxidizing reducing These processes affect data quality may lead significant misinterpretations regarding safety. We provide overview that facilitate interference, examples erroneous conclusions result from it, number general specific recommendations validating protocols studies.